Saturday, September 15, 2012

Syllogism



Deductions

 and method

                                                                                       Further Statements

                
(+)     All               A’s    are    B’s    (All)                      Some A’s are B’s
                                                                                       Some B’s are A’s

                                            
(+)     Some         A’s    are    B’s    (Some)                Some B’s are A’s


                                            
(-)      No              A’s    are    B’s    (No)                     No B’s are A’s
                                                                                      Some A’s are not B’s
                                                                                      Some B’s are not A’s

                                                   
(-)      Some         A’s are not B’s    (are not)              No further deductions


(+) denotes a positive statement and (-) denotes a negative statement.



Rules

1)      In the question, there will be two statements and 3 items.

2)      If both statements start with some, we do not get a result.

          Some + Some    =       No Result

3)      If both statements start with no, we don’t get a result.

4)      The middle term should have at least one tick mark.

5)      If one of the statements is negative, the answer will also be negative.

6)      The following combinations won’t give a result
         
No + No               =       No Result
          Some + Some    =       No Result
          Are not + No       =       No Result
          Are not + Are not         =       No Result

7)      The two items in the answer will retain their symbols as in given equation.





Eg:                            
          All     Cats are    Rats
                                  
          No     Rats are     Bats
                                  
Ans:  No     Cats are     Bats
          Further statements of the deduction can be:
          No Bats are Cats.
          Some Cats are not Bats.
          Some Bats are not Cats.

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